What is lasik

Overview

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is a popular refractive surgery procedure designed to correct vision problems by reshaping the cornea using a laser. It is the most commonly performed elective surgery in the United States. LASIK can treat myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism, potentially eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses.

How LASIK Works

During LASIK, the surgeon first creates a thin flap in the cornea using either a microkeratome (blade) or a femtosecond laser. The corneal flap is then gently lifted to expose the underlying corneal tissue. An excimer laser precisely removes microscopic amounts of corneal tissue based on detailed measurements of the eye. This reshaping corrects the eye's focusing ability. The flap is then repositioned without stitches, where it naturally heals.

Candidacy and Requirements

Good LASIK candidates typically have stable vision for at least one year, are at least 18 years old, and have no significant eye diseases. Corneal thickness is crucial—patients must have sufficient corneal tissue for safe reshaping. Pregnancy, nursing, and certain autoimmune conditions may disqualify candidates. Patients should have realistic expectations and understand that LASIK is elective and not covered by most insurance plans.

Results and Recovery

Most patients achieve 20/20 vision or better after LASIK. Recovery is remarkably fast, with vision improving within hours to days. Most people return to normal activities within a few days, though full vision stabilization takes several weeks. The procedure's high success rate and minimal downtime have made it popular among athletes, military personnel, and those tired of corrective lenses.

Risks and Complications

While generally safe, LASIK carries certain risks. Dry eyes are the most common side effect, sometimes persisting for months. Some patients experience glare, halos, or starbursting around lights, particularly at night. Under-correction or over-correction can occur, sometimes requiring enhancement surgery. Serious complications like infection or corneal scarring are rare when performed by qualified surgeons, but flap complications or regression can happen.