What is a juxtaposition

Definition and Purpose

Juxtaposition is a compositional and rhetorical technique that places two contrasting elements side by side or in close proximity. The juxtaposition creates a relationship between these elements, making their differences and similarities more apparent than if they were presented separately. This technique is used across multiple artistic mediums to create meaning, emphasize contrast, highlight irony, or produce emotional and intellectual effects.

Literary Applications

In literature, juxtaposition is a powerful tool for writers. Authors place contrasting characters, settings, ideas, or scenes adjacent to each other within a narrative. For example, a writer might juxtapose a moment of joy with one of sorrow, or contrast a character's internal thoughts with their external actions. This technique forces readers to examine the relationship between contrasting elements and deepens their understanding of themes and character development.

Visual and Artistic Uses

Visual artists, photographers, and filmmakers employ juxtaposition extensively. A photographer might place an old building next to a modern skyscraper, or position a sad face next to a happy face in a composition. In film, directors juxtapose scenes, music, images, or dialogue to create specific effects. These visual juxtapositions can create irony, reveal social commentary, or simply create striking and memorable images.

Creating Contrast and Irony

One of the primary functions of juxtaposition is to create contrast. By placing opposites together—wealth and poverty, beauty and ugliness, silence and noise—artists highlight what makes each element distinct. Juxtaposition also frequently creates irony, where the contrast between elements reveals an unexpected truth or challenges assumptions. This makes juxtaposition an essential tool for social commentary and satire.

Intentional and Unintentional Use

While juxtaposition is typically a deliberate artistic choice, unintentional juxtaposition can also occur when elements happen to create striking contrasts. Photographers capturing candid street scenes, for example, may create powerful juxtapositions without planning. However, most effective juxtaposition in art and literature is carefully considered and intentional, creating specific effects the artist wants audiences to experience.